Shortage of universities. In search of students: Crimean universities were left without state employees

On the implementation of state policy in the field of education, it is said that the demographic pit is shifting from the level of general education to the level of secondary professional and higher. The number of applicants in the new school year will decrease by 40% compared to 2009. Should universities prepare for shortages? Does this mean that the best students from the regions will flow to the universities of the capital? How is higher education transformed amid a decrease in the number of potential students? And will it not work with universities as well as with kindergartens, which were first closed due to low birth rates, and the premises were given for commerce, and then faced with an acute shortage of places when the demographic situation straightened out? Rosbalt spoke about this with the director of the Center for Continuing Education Economics at the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEI) of the RANEPA Tatyana Klyachko.

“The number of students in Russian universities has been declining for the tenth year in a row. The peak was passed in 2008, when the student population exceeded 7.5 million people. In 2017, it decreased to 4.2 million, that is, decreased by 44% compared to the peak value. But somehow there was no special panic for all these years, ”said Klyachko.

According to her, the contingent decline will continue, if we proceed from the demographic forecast of Rosstat, until 2024, but it will be smoother. In 2024, according to estimates, 3.7-3.9 million students will study at Russian universities.

What has led to the decrease in the number of students, and why is everything going relatively calmly?

Firstly, according to the expert, a decrease of about 1.4 times the number of universities. In 2010, there were 1,115 of them, in 2017 - 818.

If we talk about the branch network, then it decreased significantly more - by 1.7 times. True, this process did not occur simultaneously with the reduction in the number of universities. The largest number of branches was recorded in 2013 - 1,482, in 2017 there were fewer than 840.

“Thus, the university network has been very actively compressed, private higher education institutions have left the higher education system to the greatest extent: admission to state and municipal universities has decreased by 15% in recent years, and almost doubled to private universities,” the source said. Rosbalta.

Secondly, the reduction in the faculty of universities has also been going on for 10 years. But, compared with the reduction in the number of students, it was small - by 27.5%. “This is connected with two points: first of all, teachers worked (work), as a rule, in several universities, sometimes in two or three. In one - for example, private - he was reduced, in the state he continued to work, ”the expert explained.

So, according to her, in recent years, almost all part-timers and hour-staffers have been cut off in universities, which has led to an increase in the workload on staff, but most of the faculty retained their jobs.

“Another reason for the relatively small decrease in the number of university teachers is a change in the structure of the student body: until 2014, part-time students and evening students accounted for 55%, in 2017, on the contrary, full-time students accounted for 51%,” Klyachko said.

Thirdly, an increase in the proportion of full-time students leads to an increase in the number of faculty members. So, in 2017, the number of teachers for the first time since 2010 increased by two thousand people, since with distance learning, there are about 100 students per teacher, and with full-time students - 10-12.

“Thus, there will be no shortage in universities. By 2020, there will be a slight decrease in the number of state and municipal universities, their total number will be 500. Let me remind you that in the RSFSR in 1991 there were 514 universities in which 2.7 million students were studying, ”the interlocutor of Rosbalta noted.

Will we not get higher education as a result of the demographic pit of education for the elite? Indeed, by 2024 there will be about the same number of universities as in 1991, and at least one million more students.

According to Klyachko, this situation does not threaten us. By 2030, the number of university students is projected to be approximately 4.2–4.3 million. The number of universities will not grow, but the number of places will increase in them. In addition, it is possible to transfer some of the students to the remote mode - new technologies will actively penetrate universities.

“With regard to the redistribution of students between regional and metropolitan (Moscow, St. Petersburg) universities, then it has been going on again all the last years, and this is due primarily to the introduction of the exam. In 2016, 7.5% of school graduates from the regions entered Moscow and St. Petersburg universities, in 2017 already 9%. Before the introduction of the exam - these were 1.5-2%. As for the interregional flow, in 2017, universities in their own region, not counting Moscow and St. Petersburg, received 16.5% of school graduates, in 2018, 15% reported their intention to go to universities in another region, ”Klyachko said .

Anna Semenets

If someone from this year’s graduates wants to get an education completely free of charge, care must be taken to submit relevant applications to universities that have an order from the ministry for budget places. True, one should not forget that the number of such places is limited, and even having managed to submit an introductory application on time, you can not pass the selection due to the presence of more gifted children. Therefore, most universities in the capital, which have "in reserve" budget places, try to inform future applicants in advance about the passing score for a particular specialty, as well as other admission rules.

Key Information

At the moment, I want to know the latest information about what Moscow universities will be able to enter for the budget 2017-2018, the passing points in which are not too strict. All that graduates and their parents need to know - this year the number of budget places has significantly decreased (approximately 40%). Nevertheless, every high school graduate, as before, has every right to continue his own education. In order not to get into an unexpected situation, experts strongly recommend applicants to apply immediately to several suitable universities for the desired specialty, finding out on the eve of such a step the exact information regarding the composition of the selection committee or the number of budget places.

In order to make life a bit easier for students already overwhelmed by their studies, we consider the situation in the most popular universities in the capital.

List of Moscow Universities

1. Moscow State University named after MV Lomonosov.  The minimum passing score is 265, the lowest cost of the year is equivalent to 8 thousand rubles, and the number of budget places this year is 4893.

2. Russian Academy of Music named after Gnesins. In 2017, the university received only 197 budget places, while the minimum score for admission is 263. The lowest annual tuition fee is 160 thousand rubles.

3. Moscow State Art and Industry Academy named after S. G. Stroganova.  With a minimum passing score of 161, the number of places on a budget form of training is limited to 186. For one year, each student will have to pay at least 76 thousand rubles.

4. Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov.  The minimum passability threshold is 155 points, and the number of budget places is slightly more than 1300. Payment for one year of study is almost 100 thousand rubles.

5. Russian Academy of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture Ilya Glazunov.  For admission, it is worth counting on the passability threshold of 276 points, while for a year you will have to pay at least 97 thousand rubles for training. In 2017, the number of budget places was only 63.

6. Moscow State Academic Art Institute named after V. I. Surikov.  The passing score is 199, while the annual tuition fee starts at 26 thousand rubles. The number of seats paid by the state in 2017 is 127.

7. Moscow State Technical University. N.E. Bauman.  The minimum score is 263, the lowest annual payment is 187 thousand rubles, the number of free training places is 3536.

8. Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. V. Ya. Kikotya.  Information on the announced institution will be available to applicants exclusively on the day they are directly received.

9. Moscow Architectural Institute.The situation is similar to the previous paragraph.

10. School Studio. Vl. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko at the Moscow Art Theater. A.P. Chekhov.For admission, you should expect a passability threshold of 276 points, while the number of paid places allocated by the state is only 45. The annual payment starts at 78 thousand rubles.

11. Moscow State Academy of Choreography.  This year there are only 35 free places and they can count on applicants who fall within the threshold of patency of 30 points. Annual training costs at least 95 thousand rubles.

12. Russian Chemical-Technological University named after D. I. Mendeleev.  Passing score - 177, the minimum cost of training - 63.4 thousand rubles, the number of public procurement places - 1028.

13. Russian State University for the Humanities. With a minimum tuition cost of 82 thousand rubles, the number of budget places is only 902. True, you can use it only if you have a passing score of 175.

14. Moscow State University of Culture and Art.  Payment - 75 thousand rubles per year, the number of seats paid at the expense of the treasury of the Russian Federation - 1017, the minimum passing score - 160.

15. Moscow State Institute of Music named after A. G. Schnittke.  Information is told to applicants during direct admission to an educational institution.

16. Russian State University of Oil and Gas named after I.M. Gubkin.  The minimum passing score is 160, the number of budget places this year is 611, while the cost of training starts at 78 thousand rubles.

17. Russian International Tourist Academy.  Such an institution does not provide for the availability of budget places, while training at the academy costs at least 73 thousand rubles.

18. Humanitarian Institute of Television and Radio Broadcasting. M.A. Litovchina.  The state order for 2017 is still not set, as well as the minimum passing score is unclear. Payment training starts at 74 thousand rubles.

19. Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics.  With a credit ball of 156, only 70 applicants can enter the institution on a budgetary basis. At the same time, the annual cost of training is 57 thousand rubles.

20. Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sports, Youth and Tourism.  Budget places in 2017 - 183, the minimum passing score - 129, the annual tuition fee - 96 thousand rubles.

21. State Classical Academy named after Maimonides.The passing score is 124, while the number of seats on state order is 255. For the year of study in this place, students will have to pay at least 115 thousand rubles.

22. Moscow City Pedagogical University.  The passing score is only 60, and therefore the number of budget places reaches as much as 2059. The annual payment at these rates starts from 107 thousand rubles.

23. Russian University of Friendship of Peoples.  This year 1366 budget places are envisaged, with a passing ball at 146. At the same time, payment for a year of study at a university starts at a mark of 35 thousand rubles.

24. All-Russian Academy of Foreign Trade of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia.  The passability threshold for admission is 253 points, with a maximum amount of budget funds 270. For a year of staying within the walls of the academy you will have to pay at least 160 thousand rubles.

25. Moscow City Psychological and Pedagogical University. The number of budget places is 617, the minimum cross-country score is 141, and the annual payment is estimated at 62 thousand rubles.

Even from such a small list of the most popular educational institutions in the capital, it becomes clear that the number of budget places in many of them is very limited. Therefore, in order to still manage to enter the desired specialization, it is necessary to take care of good points when passing the exam.

This year, graduates of schools will be easier to enter universities.

For future freshmen, the number of budget places in undergraduate and specialty has been increased. If in this academic year (2017-2018) universities received 298 thousand places for bachelors and 70 for specialists, then in 2018-2019, the bachelor will receive 315 thousand places, and the specialty - 75 thousand. The magistracy allocated 208 thousand budget places, which is 3 thousand more than a year earlier.

The largest number of free places on the budget will be given to pedagogical faculties and pedagogical universities, IT-directions, agricultural and medical universities. What specialties will have the least budget places? "Nursing", "Weapons and weapon systems", "Art studies", "Theology", "Stage arts and literary creation".

The ministry continues to support engineering, with particular emphasis on IT technology, mining, the production of aviation and rocket and space technology, light industry, nanotechnology and the management of technical systems, said Olga Vasilieva, Minister of Education and Science, at an investment forum in Sochi.

According to her, 45 thousand people will be accepted to pedagogical programs this year.

A feature of recent years is an interest in agricultural and veterinary specialties. Rector of the Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology Scriabin Fedor Vasilevich told "RG" that school graduates are especially attracted to new directions related to genetics, genomics, and biotechnology.

A new specialty has appeared at the faculty of zootechnology and agribusiness - nutriogenomics, which studies the molecular mechanisms of the effect of feed on the change in animal genes. The Academy has established a laboratory of molecular genetics and bird genomics, which meets European standards, ”the rector explained.

A new direction has appeared in the undergraduate school: “Commodity science of veterinary and biological preparations”; the “furrierry” module is proposed. Graduates of the academy gain knowledge that allows them to work in the field of genetic engineering, the creation of transgenic organisms with new properties, and the control of changes in heredity in animals. These are the directions demanded today. As well as studies on the creation of immunobiological preparations - vaccines and serums common to humans and animals.

In one of the large companies selling fertilizers, pesticides and seeds, they specified that they need broad-based agronomists, specialists in the maintenance and repair of equipment, including robots. Salary with each negotiated individually. Need livestock. They are offered 25-30 thousand rubles a month. There are proposals, for example, in the Smolensk region, for 70 thousand rubles plus official housing. At a large Bryansk meat-processing enterprise, veterinary paramedics and doctors, zoo engineers, engineers of the feed preparation area are waiting for them very much.

Universities offer new programs: "Internet of Things and Cyberphysical Systems", "Sports Diplomacy", "Medieval Studies"

Information for future teachers: two new departments are opening in the bachelor's program of Moscow State Pedagogical University (IPSU) - the Institute of International Education and the Higher School of Education. What programs will be the most popular this year at the university?

Firstly, all programs related to inclusive education. For example, primary education and special pedagogy; preschool education and special pedagogy; Russian language and inclusive education; typhlopedagogy and others. Secondly, programs related to family values, including family education, the psychology of parent-child relationships, ”Olga Knyazeva, head of the reception organization department at the Moscow State Pedagogical University, told RG.

Infographics "RG" / Mikhail Shipov / Irina Ivoylova

As before, applicants willingly go to foreign languages, including Chinese. The recruitment for the program "Fundamental Physics (in English)" will continue.

In 2017, we accepted 84 thousand applications for all forms of education, of which three and a half thousand applications for teacher education. This year, I think, will be no less, ”Olga Knyazeva is sure.

This year Moscow City Pedagogical University offers about 200 undergraduate and graduate programs. According to Vice-Rector Dmitry Agranat, the biggest competition is usually on programs related to foreign languages. A competition for history, mathematics has grown. Teaching specialties with two training profiles are very much in demand. This year 254 budget places were allocated for them.

In addition to traditional areas, the university offers, for example, the specialty "Organization of work with youth", "Adaptive physical education", "Socio-cultural activity". Future freshmen need to know: from this year on many university programs, students themselves will be able to choose modules for study. For example, a future political scientist may choose economic or psychological modules. Such classes of the student's choice can be up to 30 percent.

Which teachers are most needed in schools? Philologists are teachers of Russian and foreign languages, mathematics, physical education, and elementary grades.

New programs in graduate schools:

The Internet of Things and Cyberphysical Systems - HSE

Medieval Studies - HSE

"Languages \u200b\u200band Culture of Africa" \u200b\u200b- St. Petersburg State University

"Urban Real Estate and Territory Development" - St. Petersburg State University

"Sports Diplomacy" - MGIMO

"Sectoral marketing of goods and services" - MGIMO

"International humanitarian cooperation and external relations of the regions" - MGIMO

Infographics "RG" / Mikhail Shipov / Irina Ivoylova

Meanwhile

Students named the best and worst universities. Among the leaders - MEPhI, Law University. Kutafina and MGIMO.

The results of a study of universities based on the opinions of students and their reviews on the Internet (the so-called Internet plums) became known. The most positive reviews were received at MEPhI, Moscow State Law University. Kutafina, MGIMO, St. Petersburg State University, RANEPA, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Russian State University of Oil and Gas Gubkina, Financial University under the Government, MSLU, LETI.

Most of the negative reviews from students received MAI, St. Petersburg State University of Economics, UrFU them. Yeltsin.

So, what do students at their university like most? Professionalism, teachers' interest, rich student life, good hostel, justified expectations from the university, good practice, high reputation of the university and position in the ranking. By the way, 13 Russian universities were included in the top 200 in the new ranking “Three University Missions”. Including there are those that students called the best.

But because of what, the university receives negative reviews from students: boring, useless lectures, weak students, corruption, problems with the hostel, incompetence of dean's office staff.

What excites students most of all? In the first place - the professionalism and interest of teachers, in the second - the quality of lectures, seminars, the presence of master classes, practical exercises, in the third - student life and atmosphere in the university, in the fourth - the quality and comfort of the hostel, in fifth - the location of the university. The last positions (18th, 19th and 20th places) are canteens, scholarships and the price of study.

If you want to get higher education absolutely free of charge, then you must accordingly apply to universities with budget places. At the same time, it should be remembered that the number of such places in each educational institution is limited. For this reason, Moscow universities with budget places for 2017-2018, passing scores, privileges and admission rules are one of the acute problems for graduates and their parents.

Already now it is officially known that the list of such universities for 2017-2018 will be significantly reduced compared to last year, most likely this figure will reach 40%. Each student after graduation from a school or other educational institution has a completely legal right to continue his education.

That is why, in order not to get into a deadlock, experts and specialists strongly advise and recommend that current graduates find out all the interesting points about admission and budget places in the selection committee.

But, in order to somehow alleviate the problem, let's look at the most popular higher education institutions in Moscow.

List of Moscow universities.

1. Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov. The number of budget places for this year is 4,893, the minimum tuition per year is 8,000 rubles, and the minimum passing score is 265.
2. Moscow State Academic Art Institute named after V.I.Surikov - 127 budget places, the minimum score for admission is 199, payment per year is 26,600 rubles.
3. Russian Academy of Music named after Gnesins - the number of budget places - 197, the minimum fee per year - 160,000 rubles, the passing score - 263.
4. Moscow State Technical University named after N.E.Bauman. The number of free budget places is 3,536, the minimum score is 263, and the annual payment is 187,200 rubles.
5. Moscow State Art and Industry Academy named after S.G. Stroganov. The number of budget places - 186, the minimum passing score - 161, payment per year - 76 000 rubles
6. Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation V.Ya. Kikotya. This information is provided only at the time of receipt.
7. Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov. Budget places - 1342, payment per year - 97 000 rubles, minimum passing score - 155.
8. Moscow Architectural Institute (State Academy). Also, all information is only at the time of receipt.
9. Russian Academy of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture Ilya Glazunov. The number of free seats is 63, payment per year is 97,500 rubles, the minimum passing score is 276.
10. School-Studio named after Vl.I. Nemirovich-Danchenko at the Moscow Art Theater A.P. Chekhov. The number of budget places is 45, payment per year is 220,000 rubles, the minimum passing score is 276.
11. Russian State University of Oil and Gas named after I.M. Gubkina. The number of budget places - 611, the cost of training - 78 000 rubles, the minimum passing score - 160.
12. Moscow State Academy of Choreography. The number of free seats is 30, the minimum passing score is 30, and payment per year is 95,000 rubles.
13. Russian International Tourist Academy. There are no budget places, and the minimum tuition per year is 72,400 rubles.
14. Russian Chemical-Technological University named after D.I. Mendeleev. The number of budget places is 1028, the minimum tuition fee is 63,400 rubles, the minimum passing score is 177.
15. Humanitarian Institute of Television and Radio Broadcasting M.A. Litovchina. The number of budget places for this year has not yet been established, the minimum passing score is also not known, but the payment is 73,800 rubles.
16. Russian State University for the Humanities. The number of budget places - 902, payment - 82 000 rubles, passing score - 175.
17. Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics. Budget places - 70, the minimum cost of training - 57 000 rubles, passing score - 156.
18. Moscow State University of Culture and Art. Budget places - 1017, payment - 74 900 rubles, minimum passing score - 160.
19. Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sports, Youth and Tourism. Passing score - 129, budget places - 183, payment per year - 96,000 rubles.
20. Moscow State Institute of Music named after A.G. Schnittke. Information becomes known at the time of application.

State Classical Academy named after Maimonides. Budget places - 255, passing score - 124, payment - 115 600 rubles.

As you can see, even from this small list, the number of budget places in many educational institutions is minimal, and the payment is quite high. That is why graduates will have to work hard to become a university student in Moscow.